Guide

How to read a crowdlending project dossier: the documents that actually matter

CrowdPickr · 2026-05 · 8 min read

Before investing in a crowdlending project, you typically receive between 40 and 80 pages of documents: a commercial brochure, the mandatory KIIS (Key Investment Information Sheet), a financing plan, the SPV articles of association, a notarised guarantee certificate. Knowing what to read first, and what numbers to extract from each document, is half the analytical work.

This guide walks through each document type and maps the key findings directly to the CrowdPickr scoring criteria: 12 factors covering both financial risk and platform quality.

Documents a PSFP-licensed platform must provide

1. The KIIS (Key Investment Information Sheet): always start here

Since November 2023, all PSFP-licensed platforms (European Crowdfunding Service Providers, or ECSP) are required to publish a Key Investment Information Sheet (KIIS, known as FICI in French) for every project. Capped at 6 pages, this document is standardised by EU Regulation 2020/1503: its structure is identical across all compliant platforms.

This is your mandatory first read, every time. The KIIS contains:

  • Borrower identity and legal structure of the project (SCI, SCCV, SPV)
  • Amount raised, interest rate, duration, and repayment method
  • Hierarchy and nature of the securities offered
  • Key risk factors
  • Tax treatment of interest received

Unlike the commercial brochure, it was not written by the marketing team. Read it first, always.

2. The commercial brochure: read it last

The project brochure (sometimes called a memorandum or presentation deck) is produced by the platform or the developer. It typically contains attractive project visuals, a flattering developer profile, and a focus on the upsides. It is useful for understanding the geographic context and commercial positioning, but should not colour your reading of the factual data.

Practical tip: skim the brochure in 3 minutes to picture the project, then go back to the KIIS and financing plan for the real numbers.

3. The financing plan: the project's backbone

This document breaks down how the operation is funded in full. Look for three figures:

  • Operator equity contribution: ideally above 10% of total cost. A developer with skin in the game has a stronger incentive to see the project through.
  • Senior bank credit: a bank co-financing the project has run its own independent credit assessment. That is a meaningful positive signal.
  • Crowdlending share: if it exceeds 40% of total financing, ask yourself why the bank did not lend more.

4. SPV or SCI articles of association

Most real estate crowdlending projects are structured through a dedicated entity: SCI (Société Civile Immobilière), SCCV (construction-and-sale vehicle), or a generic SPV. This legal wrapper isolates the project from the developer's parent balance sheet, which limits cross-contamination in the event of broader group difficulties.

Verify that the entity exists (French SIREN number, searchable free on Pappers or Infogreffe), that it is distinct from the parent company, and that the crowdlending instrument is specifically tied to this entity rather than the holding company.

5. Notarised guarantee certificate

If the project advertises a first-rank mortgage or a fiducie-sûreté (a French trust-based security), a notarised certificate confirming the actual legal registration of that security should be included in the dossier. Without it, the guarantee is a commercial claim, not an enforceable legal protection.

No certificate on a project announcing a mortgage: flag it as a warning. Ask the platform for written confirmation before subscribing.

6. Planning permission

A planning permit that has been obtained and cleared of appeals (a two-month challenge period after public posting with no contest) significantly reduces regulatory risk. A permit still under review is a major unknown: administrative delays and refusals are common in French real estate development, and a project can be stalled for months with no work started.

The 4 numbers to find in the KIIS before anything else

1. LTV (Loan To Value)

LTV is the ratio of total debt (bank credit plus crowdlending) to the estimated value of the asset or project. Lower LTV means more of a buffer for investors in a forced-sale scenario. CrowdPickr's scoring grid allocates 12 points to this criterion:

  • LTV below 60%: maximum score
  • LTV between 60% and 75%: average score
  • LTV above 80%: minimum score, with a direct 5-point penalty above 85%

2. Guarantee rank

A first-rank mortgage means you are repaid before all other creditors in a forced sale of the asset. A second-rank mortgage (behind the bank) only pays you if funds remain after the bank has been made whole. On a distressed project, second-rank creditors frequently receive nothing at all.

3. Repayment method

Two main structures:

  • Bullet (in fine): interest paid periodically, capital returned at maturity only. Maximum duration risk if the project runs late.
  • Amortising: capital returned progressively alongside interest. Duration risk is reduced.

4. Planning permit status

The KIIS explicitly states whether the permit is obtained, cleared of appeals, or still under review. This is one of the most underestimated risk factors among new crowdlending investors, and one of the most frequent triggers of significant delays.

What CrowdPickr scores automatically for you

CrowdPickr applies these 12 criteria to every project across two blocks:

Block A: project financial risk (max 45 points)

  • A1: LTV / LTC ratio (12 pts)
  • A2: guarantee quality, rank and type of security (12 pts)
  • A3: financing plan, operator equity and gross margin (11 pts)
  • A4: pre-sales rate at the time of the fundraise (5 pts)
  • A5: announced yield vs. market rates for the same risk class (5 pts)

Block B: operator and platform risk (max 55 points)

  • B1: operator track record, completed projects, on-time delivery (18 pts)
  • B2: platform PSFP/ECSP licence, verifiable with the AMF (10 pts)
  • B3: dedicated legal structure, asset isolation (7 pts)
  • B4: exit prices vs. local land registry (DVF) data (7 pts)
  • B5: repayment method, bullet vs. amortising (5 pts)
  • B6: planning permission status and construction progress (5 pts)
  • B7: dossier transparency and document completeness (3 pts)

Direct penalties apply for the most serious red flags: operator in active insolvency proceedings (-15 pts), platform without verifiable PSFP licence (-10 pts), LTV above 85% (-5 pts), no banking partner on a project above €2M (-5 pts).

See the full methodology for a breakdown of every criterion and its weighting.

Recommended reading order for every project

  1. KIIS: 5 minutes, key figures, guarantees and risk factors
  2. Financing plan: 3 minutes, equity share and bank credit
  3. SPV / SCI articles: 2 minutes, verify the entity on Pappers
  4. Notarised certificate: 1 minute, existence and rank of the security
  5. Planning permission: 1 minute, status and appeal clearance date
  6. Commercial brochure: context and visuals, not the numbers

Total: under 15 minutes per dossier. The CrowdPickr score then synthesises all of this into a single figure out of 100, so you can compare projects across different platforms on an identical and objective basis.

Want to see how this grid applies to real projects currently open for investment? Browse projects scored by CrowdPickr.
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